While comparing Quartz and Chalcedony physical properties, the important data you should know is its chemical composition. Since chemical formula defines the molecular structure of the crystal, most of the physical properties like color, tenacity, solubility are governed by Quartz and Chalcedony chemical formula.
Another important criteria for qualitative analysis of gemstones is Quartz and Chalcedony Specific gravity. Specific gravity is the relative density of a gemstone compared with respect to density of water. Gemologists use Quartz and Chalcedony Optical Properties during the identification of gemstone. Specific gravity of Quartz is 2.55-2.70 whereas that of Chalcedony is 2.55-2.70.