While comparing Amethyst and Emerald physical properties, the important data you should know is its chemical composition. Since chemical formula defines the molecular structure of the crystal, most of the physical properties like color, tenacity, solubility are governed by Amethyst and Emerald chemical formula.
Another important criteria for qualitative analysis of gemstones is Amethyst and Emerald Specific gravity. Specific gravity is the relative density of a gemstone compared with respect to density of water. Gemologists use Amethyst and Emerald Optical Properties during the identification of gemstone. Specific gravity of Amethyst is 2.67-2.78 whereas that of Emerald is 2.67-2.78.