Origin
India, Southern and central Africa, Madagascar
Sri Lanka
Color
Black, Brownish, Greenish
Black
Streak
Brown
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For which Rashi?
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-
Planet
-
-
Element of Planets
-
-
Energy
-
-
How to Wear?
Finger
-
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Ring Metal
-
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Deities
-
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Not to wear with
-
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Powers
-
-
Birthstone
Planetary
-
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Talisman
-
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Tenacity
-
-
Solubility
-
-
Durability
-
-
Specific Gravity
3.18-3.223.70-4.10
1
7.18
👆🏻
Fracture
Uneven, Conchoidal
Conchoidal
Cleavage
{1011} Indistinct
Indistinct
Mohs Hardness
-99996.5-7
2
10
👆🏻
Chemical Composition
Na(Fe2+3)Al 6(Si 6O 18)(BO 3) 3(OH) 3(OH)Gemdat.org , Management Team (2012)
Ca 3Fe 2(SiO 4) 3Arthur Thomas , Gemstones (2009)
Luster
Vitreous
Subadamantine, Vitreous
Pleochroism
Very strong: yellow-brown pale yellow
-
Dispersion
0.020.06
0.005
1
👆🏻
Transparency
Transparent, Translucent
Translucent
Refractive Index
1.635-1.6721.855-1.895
1
3.25
👆🏻
Optic Character
-
-
Crystal System
-
-
Birefringence
0.025-9999
0
0.296
👆🏻
Clarity
Transparent
Translucent
Physical
Neurological
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Cardiovascular
-
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Respiratory
Good
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Reproductive
-
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Digestive
-
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Psychology
Protection
Passion
Healing
Emotional healing
Emotional healing
Qualities Associated
Protection & Grounding
Protection